Nesfatin-1, leptin and ghrelin as a biomarker for early diagnosis and prognosis of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage

Abstract

Objectives: The diagnosis of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage is extremely important for the earliest medical interventions. For this purpose, the present study was designed to investigate the serum nesfatin-1, leptin and ghrelin levels and to evaluate whether the said molecules could serve as a biomarker for severity and prognosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Material and methods: Sixty-six patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage admitted to the emergency department and 23 healthy adults as the control were included in this study. Brain computed tomography was used to diagnose subarachnoid hemorrhage. Nesfatin-1, leptin and ghrelin levels in the blood circulation were measured in these patients. Clinical severity and prognosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage was evaluated according to Glasgow Coma Scales using clinical and neurological status on admission. Results: Nesfatin-1 and ghrelin levels were measured significantly lower, however leptin concentrations significantly higher determined in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage when compared to healthy control (p < 0.05). In the other hand, we could not observe a significant correlation among serum levels of nesfatin-1, leptin and ghrelin with respect to clinical severity and prognosis (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The results of this clinical study suggest that nesfatin-1 and ghrelin concentrations decrease but leptin level increases in patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage. Serum nesfatin-1, leptin and ghrelin values in patients are no correlated with severity and prognosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage.