Nutrition in Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Abstract

In this study, it was aimed to review studies on feeding difficulties in children with different neurodevelopmental disorders (ND's), and to assess whether different nutrition interventions could be beneficial for the health of children. Studies on nutrition status and interventions in children with ND's were compiled using the keywords; 'developmental disabilities', 'autism', 'attention deficit hyperactivity disorder' and 'nutrition status' on the PUBMED database. According to this review, children with intellectual disabilities are less active and have a high prevalence of obesity. With existing eating and feeding disorders, malnutrition should also be considered. Differences in nutrition and nutrient intake in children with and without autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are unclear. It was determined that children with ASD consume fewer dairy foods, less calcium, and vitamin D, which is a concern for bone health. Gluten-free lactose-free diet has been suggested for children with ASD to avoid allergies such as celiac disease. However, until conclusive evidence is found, restrictive diets should only be implemented in the event a food allergy or if intolerance is detected. Impaired fatty acid profiles are observed in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Omega-3 treatment has been determined to improve children's behavior. Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation might be helpful for dark adaptation in dyslexia and movement skills in dyspraxia. Children with a motor disability are at a risk of having low bone mass and fractures. A poor nutritional status may be an additional risk factor for motor disorders. Although several studies demonstrate the benefits of nutrition interventions, they are not enough to apply these treatments to every patient as a routine. To avoid unnecessary diet restrictions or supplementations, more validated studies are required.