Maternal stress and perinatal features in autism and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Abstract

BackgroundWe investigated the shared and non-shared perinatal risk factors for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a clinical sample. Additionally, we compared these groups regarding pre/postpartum maternal stress and the duration of breastfeeding. MethodsChildren aged 3-18 years old with ASD (n=100) were compared with age- and gender-matched children with ADHD (n=100) and with age- and gender-matched healthy controls (n=80). ResultsPrematurity of the neonate and maternal stress/depressive mood in pregnancy were common risk factors shared by ASD and ADHD. Postpartum maternal depressive mood may be more specific to ASD, while shorter duration of breastfeeding may be related to ADHD. ConclusionsASD and ADHD may have some perinatal features in common. Identification of perinatal factors for ASD and ADHD carries clinical implications in terms of primary prevention.