Association between allergic diseases and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in childhood

Abstract

Objective: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood problem similar to allergic disorders. The aim of the study is to determine whether allergic disorders and atopy are associated with physician-diagnosed ADHD. Materials and Methods: This study was designed as a nested casecontrol study. One hundred sixty children were divided into three groups; 55 patients with ADHD, 55 children of healthy siblings of the study group and 50 unrelated healthy children. For each subject, an International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Children (ISAAC) questionnaire was completed. The total eosinophil count, total IgE levels were measured and skin prick tests were performed. Results: The prevalence of asthma was significantly higher in the ADHD group than the control group but was similar to the sibling group. Even though prevalence of rhinitis was significantly higher in ADHD group relative to the other groups, atopic rhinitis was similar in all groups. There were no significant differences for prevalence of eczema, elevated total IgE levels, eosinophil count and positive skin prick testing between any of the groups. Conclusion: The rhinitis seems to be a risk factor for ADHD while atopic status does not appear to be involved. Nasal obstruction and sleep disturbances due to rhinitis may affect the cognitive functions of individuals with ADHD. These individuals should be evaluated to determine whether or not (allergic) rhinitis accompanies ADHD.