Hunger and violence

Abstract

Nutrient deficiencies and disturbances in metabolism of neurotransmitters and hormones, induced by nutrient deficiencies, affect the behavior of individuals. In this review, the effect of deficiencies that occur in the body as a result of hunger on the formation of aggression and violent behavior are intended to be explained by biological processes. Articles published between the years 1993-2014 using keywords hunger, lack of nutrients, aggression, violence were scanned on Pubmed database, hormone and neurotransmitter imbalances occurring in the body during fasting and nutrient deficiency, and their effect on aggression and violent behavior were compiled. Tryptophan is the most associated amino acid with violence and aggression and a decrease in the amount of serotonin in the body can lead to the formation of these behaviors, when fed a diet low in tryptophan. Among fatty acids, the lack of omega-3 is the most associated deficiency with violence mechanism. Vitamin and mineral deficiencies may lead to the formation of undesirable behavior and misalignment in the nervous system. Vitamin D, Vitamin B-complex, iron, zinc, lithium and magnesium are the most associated compounds with undesirable behaviors. In women, low progesterone and high testosterone levels can trigger violent behavior. Low serotonin and high dopamine levels play a role in the formation of aggressive behavior. Hunger and associated nutrient deficiencies can affect family members and may be the cause of negative behavior towards children. Food deprivation, hunger and their effects on violent mechanisms are public concerns and issues that need to be studied more.