Non-operative management of blunt hepatic trauma

Abstract

BACKGROUND Blunt hepatic trauma is frequently seen, particularly as a result of traffic accidents. Given that surgical therapy may have high rates of morbidity and mortality, a selected group of patients may can benefit from conservative management. We herein present, a group of patients with blunt hepatic trauma who were managed without any invasive diagnostic tools and / or surgical intervention. METHODS Nineteen hemodynamically stable patients (9 males, 10 females; mean age 46,6; range 19-73 years) with blunt hepatic trauma were included in the study. Vital signs, hemodynamic parameters, liver function tests, need for transfusion, hospital stay and results of radiological tests were recorded as well as demographic characteristics. Classification of injury was done according to the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma's Organ Injury Scaling System. RESULTS Nineteen patients had radiologically-proven liver injury. Nine patients had grade I injury, five had grade II, two had grade II and three had grade IV injuries. Twelve patients required blood transfusions. Fourteen patients had mild elevation of transaminases while the remaining five were completely normal. Mean hospital stay was 7.6 days. Blunt trauma was associated with a large abdominal wall hernia in one patient; the defect was repaired laparoscopically three months later. No patient underwent surgery due to the failure of conservative management and there was no death. CONCLUSION For blunt hepatic trauma patients, non-operative management may be the initial therapy if haemodynamic stability can be maintained. The decision for surgical intervention should be given according to the presence of associated intraabdominal injuries. Liver injury score of patients is not as important as the hemodynamic status for determining conservative management.